Wudil Journal of Science and Technology Education
Faculty of Science and Technology Education. Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil
GRAIN PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF TWO SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) VARIETIES AS AFFECTED BY COWDUNG AND INORGANIC NITROGEN IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA ECOLOGICAL ZONE, NIGERIA.
ABSTRACT Two sorghum varieties (SAMSORG-17, and SAMSORG-44) were grown at four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg Nha-1) and cow dung (0, 5, 10 and 15 tons ha-1). Treatments were laid out in a split plot design and replicated three times with nitrogen and cow dung rates assigned in the main plot while the varieties were assigned in the subplots. Grain physical quality characters such as hundred grains weight, density, volume, and grain size of the two sorghum varieties were significantly affected by application of cow dung and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. Hundred grain weight and density were significantly enhanced at Samaru only. Increase of every 5 t ha-1 of cow dung, significantly increased the parameters but the increase did not maintain a regular pattern as it was in the case of inorganic N fertilizer rate. SAMSORG-17 consistently performed better than SAMSORG-44 variety in all the grain physical quality characters studied in both years and locations. The sorghum varieties studied had grain size in the range of 1.99 - 3.69mm respectively. The grain physical quality parameters obtained exhibited differences among the varieties and some of the values found were within the acceptable limit of breweries even though none of the varieties fulfill all the quality requirements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wudil Journal of Science and Technology Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Grain proximate compositions of two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench (L.) ) varieties as affected by Cow dung and inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer in northern Guinea savanna ecological zone.
ABSTRACT Proximate compositions of two sorghum varieties were determined in 2019 and 2020. The grain used were harvested and stored for seven years under ambient temperature conditions. The field experiments were conducted at the Research Farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru and Kaduna State Agricultural Project, Maigana to study the growth, yield and malting physical quality of two sorghum varieties as affected by cow dung and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer during the 2013 and 2014 rainy seasons. The treatments consisted of four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg Nha-1) and cow dung (0, 5, 10 and 15 tonnes ha-1) and two sorghum varieties (SAMSORG-17, and SAMSORG 44). Treatments were laid out in a split plot design and replicated three times with nitrogen and cow dung rates assigned in the main plot while the varieties were assigned in the sub–plots. The result showed that N-application was found to significantly affect the grain proximate concentrations by every increase of 30 kg ha-1 in the rate up to the highest rate of 90 kg N ha-1 in both years and locations. The application of cow dung significantly affected the grain proximate composition by every 5 t ha-1 up to 15 t ha-1, however the increase was not consistent among the parameters. Sorghum variety SAMSORGH 17 consistently gave higher mean values of the proximate compositions except carbohydrate in both years and locations.
Assessing the Effects of LED Irradiation on the Volatile Compounds of Ocimum bacilicum (sweet basil)
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a commonly grown herb valued for its strong aroma and health benefits, which come mainly from its phenolic and volatile compounds. This study examined how supplemental LED lighting affects the volatile compounds in basil. Fresh leaves were analysed immediately after harvest using SPME combined with GC-MS. Seven volatile compounds were identified, including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. The use of LED light clearly changed both the type and amount of these compounds compared to sunlight. Phenylpropanoids, especially methyl chavicol and methyl eugenol, were significantly higher under red LED light, with methyl chavicol being the most dominant. Sesquiterpenoids like α-bergamotene and τ-cadinol increased under red and white LEDs, while α-humulene was higher under red light. Monoterpenoids showed mixed responses, with camphor increasing under white LED and γ-selinene under red LED. These results indicate that LED lighting can enhance the quality and economic value of basil for food, pharmaceutical, and fragrance uses.
Effect of 8-Week Intermittent Aerobic Exercise on Body Composition of Male Adolescent Students in Dawakin Kudu, Kano State
Physical inactivity is evidently linked to metabolic diseases leading to increased risk of morbidity and mortality from various causes. Aerobic exercise is one of the tools for decreasing sedentary levels, as well as improving health markers and cognitive abilities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of eight week intermittent aerobic exercise on body composition variables of male adolescent secondary school (S.S) students of G.S.S Yankatsari, Dawakin Kudu (DKD) local Government Area (LGA), Kano State. Population consisted of all the adolescent boys between the ages of 14-18years (n =1,200) in G.S.S Yankatsari DKD. 60 male adolescent were randomly sampled and assigned into A&B 30 each. Group were subjected into 8-weeks intermittent aerobic exercise (n=30) intermittenwhich is jogging characterized by repetition of work at interval with recovery periods following each repetition to elevate body temperature and physiological functions. while B group (n=30) as control. Anthropometric profiles measured were % BF, FP and LBM. null hypotheses were formulated and tested at an alpha level of 0.05. Analysis of Variance One way (ANOVA) determined the significant differences between the 2 groups. Result revealed that 8-week intermittent aerobic exercise elicited significant changes in body composition by improving (reduced) % BF of the Experimental group from (9.4105±2.14to 5.49±1.39), it also significantly changes body composition by improving (decreased) the body FP of the Experimental group from (41.7435±.18 to 41.4160±108) and improve LBM (42.13±7.99 to 41.7±18) compared to control group. Kano State ministry of Education should collaborate with Health professionals and Exercise Scientists) to help create additional services to adolescent students in schools with a view to engage in exercises for maintaining desirable body composition which can lead to healthier living
Aerobic, Body Composition, Intermittent exercise
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIAS CONSPIRACY THEORY AND UPTAKE OF COVID 19 VACCINES BY FRONTLINE HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN NORTH WEST ZONE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the relationship between bias conspiracy theory and uptake of covid-19 vaccine by frontline health care workers in North West Zone Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of the study, 2 research questions were raised and 2 hypotheses were formulated to guide the conduct of the study. Descriptive design of survey type was used for the study. The population for the study was 74,245 which comprised all frontline healthcare workers providing services in public health facilities across North Western States, Nigeria. The total of 600 respondents was selected using multistage sampling procedure. Researchers developed questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was validated by three experts and pilot study was conducted in which reliability index of 0.90 and 0.75 were obtained. A total of 600 copies of the questionnaires were administered with the help of 16 trained research assistants out of which only 588 were duly completed, returned and used for the analysis. Frequency count and percentage were used to organized demographic characteristics of the respondents while Pearson Products Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) was used to test hypothesis 1 and regression analysis was used to test hypothesis 2 and all test were performed at 0.05 alpha levels. The findings indicated that there is relationship between bias conspiracy theory and uptake of covid-19 vaccine r = 0.119, df 2,586 (P<0.05). Frontline health care workers demographic variables have no significant relationship with uptake of covid 19 vaccine f(4,583) = 1.728 P> 0.05. It is therefore recommended among others that government should provide more covid-19 vaccine across all health facilities so as to stimulate uptake by all frontline healthcare workers irrespective of their demographic characteristics (age, gender, educational status and location), and conspiracy belief in the North West States of Nigeria.
BIAS, CONSPIRACY THEORY, COVID 19 VACCINES, FRONTLINES
PREDICTORS OF ENGLISH SPEAKING ANXIETY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF ALIKO DANGOTE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, WUDIL
English-speaking anxiety, foreign language anxiety, undergraduate students, communicative competence, classroom environment, Nigerian universities
Evaluation of the Impact of Blended Learning Strategy on Undergraduate Students' Academic Performance in Educational Foundations General Study Course in Emmanuel Alayande University of Education, Oyo
Abstract The study aimed to determine the impact of blended learning strategy on undergraduate students’ academic performance in educational foundation general study course (Edu. 101) in Emmanuel Alayande University of Education, Oyo. A pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental design was used for the study. The sample included two groups of experimental (n=30) undergraduate students who were taught using blended learning strategy method and control group (n=30) students taught using traditional method. Pre and post tests were used to gather data which were analyzed using means, standard deviation, independent t-tests compacted on SPSS 20. The results of the study revealed that there was no significant difference in the mean performance of the experimental and control group in the pre-test. The study also revealed a significant difference in the mean performance of the experimental and control group in the pre-test in favour of the experimental group. The study concluded that blended learning strategy improves undergraduate students’ academic performance in educational foundation general study course in Emmanuel Alayande University of Education, Oyo and the study recommended that it is necessary for teachers to use blended learning strategy in the course of their instruction. Students should be properly equipped with appropriate information and communication technology for blended learning strategy to be implemented effectively and efficiently. It is necessary to train in service and pre-service teachers on how to design electronic courses using virtual learning environment on a correct scientific and educational basis so as to equip them with the skills necessary for designing and implementing blended learning and that future researchers should studying the effect of using blended learning in teaching other subject in the university curriculum.
Blended learning, undergraduate students’ academic performance, educational foundation general study course.
STEM EDUCATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: PATHWAYS TO INNOVATION AND SELF-RELIANCE
In today’s knowledge-driven economy, the fusion of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education with entrepreneurship has become a strategic driver of innovation, socio-economic development, and self-reliance. While STEM equips learners with technical competencies and problem-solving abilities, entrepreneurship fosters the creativity, risk-taking, and value-creation mindset necessary for translating ideas into marketable innovations. This paper explores the nexus between STEM education and entrepreneurship as pathways to innovations and self reliance, examining theoretical perspectives, pedagogical models, and global practices that highlight their combined potential. Drawing on case studies from both developed and developing countries, it analyzes how integrating entrepreneurship into STEM curricula can catalyze innovation ecosystems, reduce unemployment, and promote sustainable self-reliance. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for universities, governments, and industry stakeholders to strengthen STEM-driven entrepreneurship as a pathway to national and global competitiveness. The contemporary global economy is increasingly shaped by knowledge, innovation, and entrepreneurial activities. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has emerged as a catalyst for preparing students with the skills, creativity, and mindset necessary for driving innovation and achieving economic self-reliance. This paper examines the intersection between STEM education and entrepreneurship, highlighting how integrative approaches can promote problem-solving, technological advancement, and socio-economic transformation. It discusses pedagogical strategies, case studies, and policy directions that can enhance the entrepreneurial potential of STEM education, particularly in developing countries. The paper argues that embedding entrepreneurship within STEM curricula can serve as a pathway to sustainable development, job creation, and global competitiveness.
Entrepreneurial Mindset Entrepreneurship education STEM-driven entrepreneurship
Copyright (c) 2025 Wudil Journal of Science and Technology Education
TOOTH LOSS AND FOOD CHOICES AMONG THE GERIATRICS OF AMECHI IDODO COMMUNITY NKANU EAST L.G.A, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the association between tooth loss and food choices among elderly individuals in Amechi Idodo Community, Nkanu East Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of 150 participants aged 60 years and above were included. Dietary information was obtained using a structured Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), while oral examinations were conducted to assess tooth loss. Results showed that participants aged 90–100 years experienced the highest rate of tooth loss. Occupational distribution included farmers (43.3%), traders (30.7%), self-employed (15%), civil servants (6%), and unemployed (10%). Among respondents, 42.7% lost 1–3 teeth, 34% lost 4–6 teeth, and 23.3% lost 7–8 teeth. The most frequently consumed foods were roots and tubers (95.3%), cereals and grains (87.3%), and fats and oils (85.3%). Chi-square analysis revealed a significant relationship between tooth loss and food choices (χ² = 8.914, p = 0.012), particularly with roots, tubers, and snacks. Respondents who consumed these foods more frequently had a greater number of missing teeth. The study concludes that poor dentition significantly limits dietary diversity and contributes to nutritional imbalance among older adults. Nutritionists and caregivers should promote texture modification of foods and balanced meal planning to improve nutrient intake and oral health among the elderly.
Tooth loss, edentulism, aging, nutrition, dietary behavior, oral health, geriatric nutrition, food choices, malnutrition, dental rehabilitation.
HARNESSING THE POTENTIAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION TO NURTURE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND STRENGTHEN SECURITY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORKS IN KANO METROPOLIS
This research investigates the synergistic potentials of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and science education in nurturing entrepreneurship and enhancing security within the framework of sustainable development. The study adopts a descriptive survey research design, targeting secondary school science educators, technology entrepreneurs and security experts, with a sample of 250 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection was conducted through structured questionnaires for quantitative analysis and interview guides for qualitative insights. To ensure validity and reliability, the research instruments undergo expert validation by AI, science education, and entrepreneurship professionals, and a pilot study was conducted with 30 respondents, with Cronbach’s Alpha used to assess internal consistency. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, regression, correlation and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that AI-integrated science education enhances entrepreneurship, strengthens security measures, and nurtures innovation, though challenges such as AI literacy gaps, inadequate infrastructure, and ethical concerns persist. The study recommends increased investment in AI-driven education, targeted teacher training, policy frameworks for AI integration, and stronger academia-industry collaboration to maximize AI’s role in encouraging entrepreneurship and security within sustainable development frameworks.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Science Education, Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Development and Security
IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON ENVIRONMENT IN BOMPAI, NASARAWA LOCAL GOVERNEMNT AREA OF KANO STATE
This study investigated the impact of industrialization on environment in Bopai, Nasarawa Local Government Area of Kano State. The study raised one research objective, one research question and one null hypothesis. Survey research design was adopted for this study. The population was 50 industries and was maintained as the sample size. Industrialization Questionnaire (IQ) and Environmental Pollution Questionnaire (EPQ) were used as the instruments for data collection. The instruments were validated by experts and the reliability coefficients of 0.67 and 0.55 were established using Cronbach Alpha Method with the help of SPSS. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research question. Simple Linear Regression was used to test the research hypothesis. The research hypothesis was rejected as the calculated P-value was less than the alpha value (< 0.05). The finding revealed that there was a significant impact of industrialization on environment Bopai, Nasarawa Local Government Area of Kano State. Based on the finding, it was concluded that, there was a significant impact of industrialization on environment. The researcher recommended that, industries should adopt corporate social responsibility to enhance the lives of residents in Bompai.
Industrialization, Environmental Pollution, Simple Linear Regression, corporate social responsibility
IMPACT OF SCHOOL LOCATION ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN DAWAKIN KUDU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KANO STATE
This study investigates the impact of school location on students’ academic performance in Dawakin Kudu Local Government Area (LGA) of Kano State, Nigeria. School location is a key determinant of access to quality education, influencing students’ exposure to learning resources, teacher quality, and conducive learning environments. The research adopts a comparative survey design, using questionnaires, school records, and direct observation to assess differences between rural and urban schools. Findings from reviewed studies suggest that rural schools often face infrastructural deficits, teacher shortages, and limited access to educational facilities, which negatively affect academic performance. Conversely, students in urban schools benefit from better resources but may be exposed to distractions such as noise and congestion. The paper concludes that school location significantly influences student achievement and recommends improved infrastructure, equitable teacher deployment, and community-based interventions to bridge the gap between rural and urban schools.
school location, academic performance, rural education, urban schools, Dawakin Kudu, Kano State
ENHANCING CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE THROUGH INQUIRY-BASED INSTRUCTION AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGERIA
This position paper argues for the adoption of inquiry-based instruction (IBI) to enhance senior secondary students’ conceptual understanding of atomic structure in Nigeria. Drawing upon constructivist, socio cultural, and representational theories of learning, the paper situates IBI as a pedagogically superior approach for reducing misconceptions, cultivating scientific process skills, and aligning classroom practices with curriculum reforms. A critical review of global, African, and Nigerian literature provides empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of IBI. The paper advances a coherent position that, despite contextual challenges such as inadequate resources and teacher capacity, inquiry pedagogy remains indispensable. Strategic recommendations are offered for policy, curriculum, assessment, and classroom implementation.
Inquiry-based instruction (IBI), Atomic Structure andChemistry
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND IN VITRO BIOACTIVITIES OF AGELANTHUSDODONEIFOLIUS: ANTIMALARIAL, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS
Agelanthusdodoneifolius (Loranthaceae), a hemi-parasitic plant widely utilized in Northern Nigerian ethnomedicine for treating malaria, wounds, and infections, was evaluated for its phytochemical composition and in vitro bioactivities to validate its traditional use. Aqueous, chloroform, and ethanol leaf extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, revealing tannins, glycosides, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids, but lacking alkaloids, anthraquinones, and phlobatannins. In vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (5% parasitemia) was determined using the Giemsa staining method. The chloroform and ethanol extracts exhibited dose- dependent activity, with the chloroform extract achieving 84.7% parasite elimination at 10 mg/mL after 48 hours—significantly higher than the ethanol extract (82.4%, p = 0.0145), though less potent than artemether (92.7%). Antimicrobial activity, assessed via the broth microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), revealed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.625–5 mg/mL for ethanol extracts and 1.25–10 mg/mL for chloroform extracts, supporting its traditional application in wound healing. Antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH assay showed IC₅₀ values of 0.45 ± 0.03 mg/mL (ethanol) and 0.82 ± 0.05 mg/mL (chloroform), indicating strong radical scavenging potential compared to ascorbic acid (0.02 ± 0.01 mg/mL). These findings validate the ethnomedicinal relevance of A. dodoneifolius and underscore its potential as a source of antimalarial, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents. Further work should isolate its bioactive constituents, elucidate mechanisms of action, and evaluate in vivo efficacy for therapeutic development.
Agelanthusdodoneifolius, hemi-parasitic plant, phytochemical composition, in vitro bioactivities, malaria, wounds, infections, phytochemicals.
HYBRIDIZATION OF A MATRIX-FREE METHOD VIA DOUBLE STEP LENGTH APPROACH WITH MULTI-STEP ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS.
This paper introduces a novel hybrid method that integrates a matrix- free approach with a double step length strategy and a multi-step iterative process, aimed at effectively solving large-scale systems of nonlinear equations. By deriving an acceleration parameter through the first-order Taylor series expansion, we approximate the Jacobian matrix, thereby enhancing the convergence of the proposed method. The implementation of a derivative-free line search method further supports the global convergence of the algorithm. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms recent techniques in the literature, show- casing its efficiency and effectiveness.
System of Nonlinear Equations, Acceleration parameter, Multi- step iterative scheme, Jacobian Matrix, Global convergence.
INFLUENCE OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLES ON PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRANSESTERIFIED SHEA BUTTER OIL
Environmental concerns in fossil fuel depletion necessitated the search for alternative fuel from renewable resources. Biodiesel derived from oil crops is a potential renewable and carbon neutral alternative to petroleum fuels. The recent trend is attempt to develop biodiesel from oil crops oil. The focus of this study is to investigate the influence of TiO2nano particles on physiochemical properties of transesterified Shea butter oil. The crude Shea butter oil was purified, transesterified and nanoparticles were dispersed in the transesterified oil with concentration ranging from 0.2% to 1.0% in 0.2% interval. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR) was used to examine the structures of the samples.The viscosity, pour point and the flash point were studied. It was found out among other things that small amount of (TiO20.6%) nanoparticles in the oil could improve the physical properties of the fluid. The nanofluid with 0.6% concentration of TiO2 appears to have optimum physical property.
FTIR, Nano Particles, Shea butter Oil, TiO2, Viscosity
GENOTYPIC VARIATION AND YIELD OPTIMIZATION IN BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEA L. VERDC.) UNDER VARYING PLANT POPULATION DENSITIES IN THE SUDAN SAVANNAH
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is an underutilized African legume valued for its resilience to drought and poor soils, yet the genotypic variation in its response to plant population density remains underexplored. This study investigated the growth and yield performance of three Bambara groundnut genotypes (Cream Brown Eye, Cream Black Eye, and Mottled Brown Eye) under three population densities (160 × 20 cm, 160 × 30 cm, and 160 × 40 cm) in the Sudan savannah of Nigeria using a split-plot design. Significant effects of genotype, density, and their interaction were observed for plant height, petiole length, and yield components. Wider spacing enhanced vegetative growth, while intermediate density (8 plants m⁻²) maximized grain yield (1.85 t ha⁻¹), reflecting a parabolic density–yield relationship. Among genotypes, Mottled Brown Eye exhibited superior shelling efficiency (82.4%) and productivity index, indicating greater assimilate partitioning and competitive balance under moderate population pressure. The differential density responses among genotypes highlight the presence of exploitable genetic variation for density tolerance and yield stability. These findings suggest that moderate plant density optimizes canopy development, photosynthetic efficiency, and yield per unit area under semi-arid conditions, providing a framework for genotype-specific planting density recommendations to enhance Bambara groundnut productivity and sustainability in dryland cropping systems.
Bambara groundnut; Genotype × density interaction; Tolerance; Yield plasticity.
INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
The integration of technology into educational administration has transformed how schools operate and has significantly improved efficiency, transparency, and accountability by automating record keeping, enhancing communication, and enabling data-driven decision- making. Digital tools streamline administrative tasks, support academic planning, and improve stakeholder engagement through platforms like emails and learning management systems, particularly at the senior secondary level. This paper examines how technology enhances management efficiency, improves communication, and facilitates data-driven decision-making in senior secondary schools in Kano State. Key areas of integration include administration, academics, communication, infrastructure, and finance. While the benefits are substantial, the paper however, also discuss challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited funding, poor internet access, and insufficient staff training hinder effective implementation. and proposes strategies for successful implementation To address these issues, the paper advocates for strong ICT policies, capacity-building initiatives, and collaboration among government, private sectors, and educational stakeholders to ensure equitable access and sustainable technological integration for improved school management and learning outcomes in Kano State
Technology, School Management Systems, Senior Secondary Education, Educational Technology, ICT in Schools
EFFECT OF 8-WEEK CONTINUOUS AEROBIC EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION OF MALE ADOLESCENT STUDENTS IN DAWAKIN KUDU, KANO STATE
Several epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between the level of fitness and cardiovascular risk profile in adult population and have also reported that endurance training in this population can reduce the risk factors. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of eight week continuous aerobic exercise on body composition variables of male adolescent secondary school (SS) students of G.S.S. Yankatsari, Dawakin Kudu (DKD) Local Government Area (LGA), Kano State. Population consisted of all the adolescent boys between the ages of 14-18years (n =1,200) in G.SS Yankatsari DKD. 60 male adolescent were randomlysampled and assigned into A&B 30 each. Group were subjected into 8-weeks continuous aerobic exercise (n=30) which is low training modes, of continuous aerobic exercise. it preceded by warm up activities including running, jumps, side Stretch, waist bend, and brisk walking with a view to elevate the body temperature and physiological functions. while B group (n=30) as control. Anthropometric profiles measured were % BF, FP and LBM. null hypotheses were formulated and tested at an alpha level of 0.05. Analysis of Variance One way (ANOVA) determined the significant differences between the 2 groups. Result revealed that 8-week continuous aerobic exercise elicited significant changes in body composition by improving (reduced) % BF of the Experimental group from (9.4105±2.14to 5.49±1.39), it also significantly changes body composition by improving (decreased) the body FP of the Experimental group from (41.7435±.18 to 41.4160±108) and improve LBM (42.13±7.99 to 41.7±18) compared to control group. Kano State ministry of Education should collaborate with Health professionals and exercise scientiststo help create additional services to adolescent students in schools with a view to engage in exercises for maintaining desirable body composition which can lead to healthier living.
Continuous Aerobic Exercise, Body Composition, Male Adolescent
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS QUALIFICATION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF GEOGRAPHY STUDENTS IN GOVERNMENT DAY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, GWARAM, JIGAWA STATE
This study investigated the relationship between teachers qualification and academic achievement of geography students in Government Day Senior Secondary School, Gwaram, Jigawa State. The study raised one research objective, one research question and one research hypothesis. Survey research design was adopted for this study. The population was 81 geography students and was maintained as the sample size. Teachers Qualification Questionnaire (TQQ) and Students Academic Achievement Proforma (SAAP) were used as the instruments for data collection. The instruments were validated by experts and the reliability coefficient of 0.77 was established using Cronbach Alpha Method with the help of SPSS. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research question. Simple Linear Regression was used to test the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis was rejected as the calculated P-value was less than the alpha value (< 0.05). The finding revealed that there was a significant relationship between teachers qualification and academic achievement of geography students in Government Day Senior Secondary School, Gwaram, Jigawa State. Based on the finding, it was concluded that, there was a significant relationship between teachers qualification and academic achievement of geography students. The researcher recommended that, teachers qualification should be given priority in teaching and learning of geography to enhance the academic achievement of students.
Teachers Qualification, Academic Achievement
EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON OBESE STUDENTS OF HUMAN KINETICS DEPARTMENT OF ALIKO DANGOTE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, WUDIL, KANO
This study investigated the effect of exercise on obese students of the Human Kinetics Department, Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil. The research adopted an experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures. A total of 60 obese students (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) were purposively selected and divided into three groups: aerobic exercise group, resistance training group, and control group. Each intervention lasted for eight weeks. Data on body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular endurance, and muscular strength were collected using standardized fitness tests. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results revealed significant differences among the groups in BMI reduction (F(2,57) = 8.42, p < 0.05) and cardiovascular endurance improvement (F(2,57) = 10.35, p < 0.01). Post-hoc tests showed that aerobic exercise had the most significant effect on cardiovascular endurance, while resistance training was more effective in improving muscular strength. The study concluded that structured exercise interventions significantly reduce obesity indices and enhance physical fitness profiles. It was recommended that university health programs incorporate structured exercise programs to combat obesity among students.
Exercise, Obesity, Human Kinetics, ANOVA, Physical Fitness
HERITABILITY, VARIANCE COMPONENTS AND GENETIC ADVANCE OF GARRI QUALITY TRAITS IN CASSAVAVARIETIES CULTIVATED IN OKUKU OWERRI-WEST SOUTHEASTERN, NIGERIA
The experiment was conducted at the Center for Agricultural Research, School of Agriculture and Agricultural technology of the Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria between January, 2023 – January, 2024 to estimate the heritability, variance components and genetic advance as the percentage of the mean of garri quality traits in cassava varieties cultivated in Okuku (Okuku locals) along some improved varieties. Three local varieties were sourced from a subsistence farmer in Okuku, Owerri-West, Imo State and five improved varieties were sourced from National Root Crop Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Abia State. Each cassava variety was planted in a 12x1m (12m2).plot size at a planting distance of 1mx1m. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Cassava stem cuttings of about 20cm with at least four nodes were planted on ridges, at 48 weeks after planting; the eight cassava varieties were harvested and processed into garri. The garri quality traits were grouped into: functional properties, proximate composition and minerals composition. Data were collected on swelling index(%), bulk density(g/ml), water absorption capacity(%), moisture content(%), ash(%), dietary fiber(%), crude fat(%), crude protein(%), carbohydrate(%), calcium(%), sodium(%), phosphorus(%) and potassium(%). Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means separation was done using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The Analysis of Variance showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the cassava varieties evaluated. Nwajeni and TMS 164773 exhibited higher protein, swelling index, and mineral contents, and so, may be preferred for nutritional and functional quality. Conversely, IBA980505 with lower moisture content and higher carbohydrate may be favored for shelf stability and energy yield. Genetic parameters such as mean, range, coefficient of variation, variances, heritability in broad-sense and genetic advance as the percentage of the mean were estimated for the 13 different traits. The study demonstrated that the observed variation was predominantly genetic in nature for most traits. Heritability values range from 35.90 – 100. 43Traits with the highest Genetic Advance as Percentage of Mean (GAM) were Ash (145.45%), Calcium (Ca) (122.22%), Crude Fiber (CFr) (45.45%), and Crude Fat (CF) (44.28%)., the combination of high heritability and high genetic advance for traits like Ash, Ca, CF, and CFr suggests that direct phenotypic selection remains the most efficient and rapid approach to improving key garri quality attributes
heritability, genetic, garri, cassava, traits, varieties
Phytochemical Profile and In Vitro Bioactivities of Agelanthusdodoneifolius: Antimalarial, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Effects
Agelanthusdodoneifolius (Loranthaceae), a hemi-parasitic plant widely used in Northern Nigerian ethnomedicine for treating malaria, wounds, and infections, was investigated for its phytochemical composition and in vitro bioactivities to validate its traditional uses. Aqueous, chloroform, and ethanol leaf extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, revealing the presence of tannins, glycosides, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids, but the absence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, and phlobatannins. In vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (5% parasitemia) was assessed using the Giemsa staining method, with chloroform and ethanol extracts exhibiting dose-dependent activity. The chloroform extract achieved 84.7% parasite elimination at 10 mg/mL after 48 hours, significantly higher than the ethanol extract (82.4%, p = 0.0145), though less potent than artemether (92.7%). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated via the broth microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 5 mg/mL for ethanol extracts and 1.25 to 10 mg/mL for chloroform extracts, supporting traditional uses for wound healing. Antioxidant activity, assessed by the DPPH assay, showed IC₅₀ values of 0.45 ± 0.03 mg/mL (ethanol) and 0.82 ± 0.05 mg/mL (chloroform), indicating significant radical scavenging potential compared to ascorbic acid (0.02 ± 0.01 mg/mL). These findings validate the ethnomedicinal applications of A. dodoneifolius and highlight its potential as a source of antimalarial, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents. Further studies are warranted to isolate bioactive compounds, elucidate mechanisms of action, and assess in vivo efficacy and ecological sustainability for therapeutic development.
IMPACT OF PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY ON ATTITUDE AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN GEOMETRY AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KUMBOTSO ZONAL EDUCATION DIRECTORATE, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined the impact of a problem-solving strategy (PSS) on senior secondary students’ attitudes toward geometry and their academic performance in the Kumbotso Educational Zone, Kano State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control-group design was employed, with four intact SS II classes randomly assigned to experimental (n = 145) and control (n = 131) groups, drawn from a population of 9,882 students. The intervention spanned five weeks. Two validated instruments were employed: the Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT; KR-20 = .82) and the Geometric Attitudinal Scale (GAS; α = .86). The experimental group was taught selected SS II geometry topics with a structured PSS (ACE-M), while the control group received conventional instruction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests at α = .05, including independent-samples and paired comparisons (t- or Z- tests as appropriate) and ANCOVA to adjust for pretest differences. Results showed that students exposed to PSS achieved significantly higher posttest scores in geometry and reported more positive attitudes than peers taught conventionally. No statistically significant differences emerged by gender or by school location (urban/rural), indicating the strategy’s equitable effectiveness across subgroups. The findings suggest that adopting problem-solving approaches can strengthen both cognitive and affective outcomes in secondary-school geometry. Implications for curriculum planning, teacher professional development, and resource provision are discussed.
Problem-Solving Strategy, Academic Performance, Attitude, Geometry, Gender, Location, Senior Secondary School, Kano State.
IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ON METHANE EMISSIONS FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Methane, is a powerful Greenhouse gas, more effective in trapping heat in the atmosphere than Carbon dioxide, with a global warming potential 34 times greater than Carbon dioxide. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of atmospheric pressure on methane emissions from Maimalari municipal solid waste disposal site in Kano metropolis. The reading of Methane emission, using Crowcon–Gasman “FL”, was done during both the morning (07:00 hours to 09:00 hours’ local time) and afternoon (13:00 hours to 15:00 hours’ local time) periods. First of all, the readings were taken at about the center position of the disposal site, and then one each at 100m away from the center at the four cardinal points (North, East, South, and West). This makes a total reading of five, and per period, for each observation day. The monitoring points over a disposal site were labeled as A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5, in which A1 is the point at the center, A2 at the north, A3 at the south, A4 at the west and A5 is the point at the east. The mean of the five readings constitute the average Methane emissions for the site, for each period. The geographic coordinates of the center position of the monitoring points (A1) was recorded using a portable Garmin Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. During the monitoring, the Crowcon–Gasman “FL” was held within 30 to 60 centimeters off the ground surface. Also, the concentration of Methane emissions was recorded in percentage (%) (lower explosive limit). The monitoring covered one season of the year (cool dry season of the harmattan, January, 2024). The monitoring was conducted at the first seven consecutive days of January. However, the results of the study revealed that the correlation coefficient value (-0.675) for Pressure and Methane emissions is very significant, statistically (0.00<0.05), hence, the relationship is negative, confirming that Pressure has a significant negative impact on Methane emissions at the site. The study recommends that monitoring of methane emissions should be conducted during periods when atmospheric pressure is falling.
Methane emissions, Monitoring, Solid waste disposal site, Atmospheric Pressure, Crowcon–Gasman “FL”.
ASSESSING THE ROLE OF ICT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19 SAFETY MEASURES DURING THE 2020 LOCKDOWNIN KANO STATE
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It is a generic term referring to a technology being used for collecting, storing, editing, and processingof information in various forms. Similarly, COVID-19 is a disease that has posed a devastating impact on public health in the world and Nigeria in particular. Above all, it has crippled theeconomic and socialactivities of the people as a result of the persistent lockdown imposed at various regular intervals when the disease was at its height in 2020. Against this background, therefore, this paper is a reflection on the role of ICT as it can be applied for the management of COVID-19 safety measures and other disease outbreaks in the country in the future. The paper examine the concept of information technology in the management of COVID-19 in Kano State. It also reviews some research work related to the role of management of information technology in keeping the people fully informed about their responsibilities in curtailing the spread of the virus. Methodologically, the paper uses a descriptive survey method and purposive sampling technique, which allows the selection of five local governments in Kano state, namely: Fagge, Dala, Nasarrawa, Tarauni, and Gwale local governments area of Kano State. Five fundamental questions were raised, in which 20 respondents were randomly selected from each of the local governments, and the questionswere administered to them. Data presentation and analysis: the result of the data from the field was analysed using percentages (%). The findings of the study reveal that ICT can be used to manage COVID-19 and any other disease outbreak in the future in Kano state. It also states that the power supply can limit the effective use of ICT in the state. The paper provides some recommendations for improvement in power supply and an increase in government funding in economic activities and the production of ICT materials.
Information and Communication Technology, Covid-19, SafetyMeasures and Management.
COLONIAL RELICS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTHE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIAN NATION
he target of every good government is to provide her citizenry with the basic amenities of life. Such has not been fully realized in Nigeria and cannot be realized at least for now, through her numerous vernaculars since none of them unites the nation. It is only a language which the peoples of Nigeria can use to relate with one another that can be used to build the nation. This role falls on the English language which is the nation’s official and second language, as well as her lingua Franca. Consequently, this article sought to highlight the roles the English language performs in the building of the Nigerian nation.
Colonial Relics, Implantation, Lingua-franca, Vernacular, Technological Transfer
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING OF WOODWORK IN KANO STATE TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
This study evaluated the effectiveness of digital instructional technologies in the teaching and learning of Woodwork Technology within tertiary institutions in Kano State.. The study was guided by three objectives, three research questions, and three null hypotheses. A descriptive survey design was employed, involving a population of 25 respondents comprising 15 lecturers and 10 technologists from Kano State Polytechnic and the Federal College of Education (Technical), Bichi. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, and the data were analysed using mean, standard deviation, and t-test statistics with SPSS version 25. Findings revealed that digital instructional technologies are effective in enhancing student engagement, improving understanding of complex concepts, increasing efficiency, and preparing students for modern industry requirements. However, challenges, including limited digital literacy, insufficient infrastructure, inadequate institutional support, and recurring technical problems, impede their effective integration. The study concludes that while digital technologies significantly improve the teaching and learning of woodwork technology, adequate training for lecturers, provision of digital facilities, and strong institutional support are critical for their successful implementation. It is recommended that tertiary institutions invest in digital infrastructure, provide continuous training for lecturers and technologists, and ensure sustainable institutional support. This will equip students with the necessary 21st-century skills for gainful employment and national development.
Digital instructional technologies, Woodwork Technology, Tertiary institutions, Teaching and learning, Student engagement, 21st-century skills, Kano State.
EFFECTS OF TWO CONCEPT-MAPPING STRATEGIES ON RETENTION AND PERFORMANCE IN ECOLOGY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ZONKWA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the Effects of Two Concept Mapping Strategies on Retention Performance in Ecology among Senior Secondary School Biology students. The total population for the study consisted of 2,958 students, and a sample size of 196 students was purposively selected from three secondary schools in Zonkwa Education Zone in Kaduna State. A Quasi-experimental pretest and posttest research design was used for the study, which featured three groups (Experimental groups 1&2 and the Control group). The experimental group 1 was exposed to the spider concept mapping strategy, and the experimental group 2 was exposed to the hierarchical concept mapping strategy, while the control group was taught using lecture method. Three schools were purposively selected for the study. The Instrument that was used to collect data for the study is Ecology Concept Performance Test (ECPT), with a reliability coefficient of 0.82 was used to collect data. Two null hypotheses were formulated. The data collected were analyzed using t-test Statistic, ANOVA, and Scheffe’s test at a significance level of P≤0.05. Result indicated that the experimental groups performed significantly better than the control group in their academic performance after undergoing the experimental treatment with two types of concept mapping strategies. Based on these findings, it was recommended that teachers should incorporate types of concept mapping strategies into the mainstream of pedagogy in the teaching of ecology at Senior Secondary School level as it seems to have high potentials for enhancing high-order thinking skills, meaningful learning on the part of the learners.
Concept-Mapping, Strategies, Retention, Performance and Ecology
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN WUDIL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
This study presents a comparative analysis of academic performance in science subjects between private and public secondary school students in Wudil Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. The study aimed to determine the difference in students’ performance and the factors responsible for it. An ex-post facto research design was adopted, and data were obtained through documentary analysis of the 2022 NECO examination results and through interview from two purposively selected schools out of 14 public and 9 private secondary school in Wudil: Aliko Dangote Staff Secondary School (private) and Government Girls Secondary School, Wudil (public). A total of 162 students’ results were analyzed and classified into Distinction (A1–B3), Credit (C4–C6), Pass (D7–E8), and Fail (F9). Descriptive statistics involving frequency counts and percentages were used for analysis. The validity and reliability of the data were ensured through the use of official and standardized NECO examination results, which reflect students’ true academic achievement. Findings revealed that private school students recorded higher distinctions and credits across all science subjects, while public school students had higher failure rates, particularly in Mathematics (30.6%) and English (37.7%). The study concludes that private schools provide a more conducive learning environment for science education, while public schools face systemic challenges. It recommends improved resource provision, teacher training, smaller class sizes, and enhanced home–school collaboration to boost science performance in public secondary schools.
Academic performance, science subjects, private and public schools, validity, reliability, Wudil, NECO, Nigeria.